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MESSAGE TYPES
Messages are divided into two
main categories: Channel and System.
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Channel
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Channel messages contain a four-bit
number in the Status byte which address the message specifically to one
of sixteen channels. These messages are thereby intended for any units
in a system whose channel number matches the channel number encoded into
the Status byte. There are two types of Channel messages: Voice
and Mode.
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Voice
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To control the instrument's
voices,
Voice messages are sent over the Voice Channels.
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Mode
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To define the instrument's response
to Voice messages, Mode messages are sent over the instument's Basic Channel.
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System
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System messages are not encoded
with channel numbers. There are three types of System messages: Common,
Real-Time, and Exclusive.
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Common
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Common messages are intended
for all units in a system.
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Real-Time
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Real-Time messages are intended
for all units in a system. They contain
Status bytes only -- no
Data bytes. Real-Time messages may be sent at any time -- even between
bytes of a message which has a different status. In such cases the Real-Time
message is either ignored or acted upon, after which the receiving process
resumes under the previous status.
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Exclusive
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Exclusive messages can contain
any
number of Data bytes, and are terminated by an End of Exclusive
(EOX) or any other Status byte. These messages include a Manufacturer's
Identification (ID) code. If the receiver does not recognize the ID
code, it should ignore the ensuing data.
So that other users can
fully access MIDI instruments, manufacturers should publish the format
of data following their ID code. Only the manufacturer can update the format
following their ID.
Introduction
& Conventions
Hardware
Message
Types
Data
Types
Channel
Modes
Summary
of Status Bytes
Channel
Voice Messages
System
Common Messages
System
Real Time Messages
System Exclusive
Messages
Controllers
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